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ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway
Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall 14-3
ICMP Echo
A brute-force attack, such as a "Smurf" attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or
subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data. A Smurf hacker floods a router
with Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets (pings). Since the destination IP
address of each packet is the broadcast address of the network, the router will broadcast the ICMP echo
request packet to all hosts on the network. If there are numerous hosts, this will create a large amount of
ICMP echo request and response traffic. If a hacker chooses to spoof the source IP address of the ICMP echo
request packet, the resulting ICMP traffic will not only clog up the "intermediary" network, but will also
congest the network of the spoofed source IP address, known as the "victim" network. This flood of
broadcast traffic consumes all available bandwidth, making communications impossible.
ICMP Vulnerability
ICMP is an error-reporting protocol that works in concert with IP. The following ICMP types trigger an alert:
Table 14-1 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts
5 REDIRECT
13 TIMESTAMP_REQUEST
14 TIMESTAMP_REPLY
17 ADDRESS_MASK_REQUEST
18 ADDRESS_MASK_REPLY
Illegal Commands (NetBIOS and SMTP)
The only legal NetBIOS commands are the following - all others are illegal.
Table 14-2 Legal NetBIOS Commands
MESSAGE:
REQUEST:
POSITIVE:
NEGATIVE:
RETARGET:
KEEPALIVE:
All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables.
Table 14-3 Legal SMTP Commands
AUTH DATA EHLO ETRN EXPN HELO HELP MAIL NOOP
QUIT RCPT RSET SAML SEND SOML TURN VRFY BDAT
- ZyWALL 10 1
- Copyright 2
- (FCC) Interference Statement 3
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 7
- Customer Support 8
- Table of Contents 9
- List of Figures 17
- List of Tables 23
- Part I: 29
- Chapter 1 31
- Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 31
- Chapter 2 35
- 2.4 Turn On Your ZyWALL 38
- Table 2-2 Main Menu Commands 39
- 2.5.1 Main Menu 40
- Table 2-3 Main Menu Summary 41
- 2.5.3 SMT Menus at a Glance 42
- 2.7 General Setup 43
- 2.7.1 Dynamic DNS 44
- 2.8 WAN Setup 46
- 2.9 LAN Setup 47
- 2.9.1 LAN Port Filter Setup 48
- Chapter 3 49
- Internet Access 49
- 3.1.4 Private IP Addresses 50
- 3.1.5 RIP Setup 51
- 3.1.6 IP Multicast 51
- 3.1.7 IP Alias 52
- 3-6 Internet Access 54
- 3.2.1 IP Alias Setup 55
- 3.3 Internet Access Setup 56
- Internet Access 3-9 57
- 3.3.2 PPTP Encapsulation 58
- 3.3.4 PPPoE Encapsulation 59
- 3.4 Basic Setup Complete 61
- Part II: 62
- Chapter 4 63
- Remote Node Setup 63
- 4-2 Remote Node Setup 64
- Table 4-1 Fields in Menu 11.1 64
- 4.1.2 PPPoE Encapsulation 65
- 4.1.3 PPTP Encapsulation 66
- Remote Node Setup 4-5 67
- 4-8 Remote Node Setup 70
- 4.3 Remote Node Filter 71
- 4-10 Remote Node Setup 72
- Chapter 5 73
- IP Static Route Setup 73
- 5.1 IP Static Route Setup 74
- IP Static Route Setup 5-3 75
- Chapter 6 77
- 6.1.3 How NAT works 78
- 6.1.4 NAT Mapping Types 79
- 6.1.6 NAT Application 80
- 6.2 SMT Menus 81
- 6.2.2 Configuring NAT 83
- 6.3 NAT Server Sets 88
- 1026 entry 90
- 6.4 Examples 91
- NAT 6-21 97
- Part III: 98
- Chapter 7 100
- Filter Configuration 100
- Filter Rule 102
- Filter Set 102
- 7.2 Configuring a Filter Set 103
- Filters 7-5 104
- 7.2.3 TCP/IP Filter Rule 106
- 7-8 Filters 107
- Filters 7-9 108
- 7-10 Filters 109
- 7.2.4 Generic Filter Rule 110
- 7-12 Filters 111
- 7.3 Example Filter 112
- 7.4 Filter Types and NAT 114
- 7.5 Firewall 115
- 7.6.2 Remote Node Filters 116
- Chapter 8 118
- SNMP Configuration 118
- 8-2 SNMP 119
- Chapter 9 120
- 1. System Information 122
- 2. Console Port Speed 122
- 9.2.1 System Information 123
- 9.3 Log and Trace 124
- 9.3.2 UNIX Syslog 125
- 2. Packet triggered 127
- 3. Filter log 127
- 4. PPP log 128
- 5. Firewall log 128
- 9.4 Diagnostic 129
- 9.4.1 WAN DHCP 130
- Chapter 10 132
- Maintenance 132
- 10.2 Backup Configuration 133
- 10.3 Restore Configuration 135
- 10.4 Upload Firmware 136
- 10.5 TFTP File Transfer 138
- 10.5.1 Example: TFTP Command 139
- 10.6 FTP File Transfer 140
- Chapter 11 144
- 11.2 Call Control Support 145
- 11.2.2 Call History 146
- 11.3 Time and Date Setting 147
- 11.4 Remote Management Setup 150
- 11.5 Boot Commands 151
- Chapter 12 154
- 12.3.2 System Timeout 155
- Part IV: 156
- Chapter 13 158
- What is a Firewall? 158
- 13.3 Denial of Service 160
- 13.3.2 Types of DoS attacks 161
- 13.4 Stateful Inspection 163
- 13.4.3 TCP Security 165
- 13.4.4 UDP/ICMP Security 166
- 13.4.5 Upper Layer Protocols 166
- 13.5.1 Security In General 167
- Chapter 14 170
- 14.1.1 View Firewall Log 171
- 14.1.2 Attack Types 171
- Table 14-4 View Firewall Log 174
- 14.3.1 Packet Filtering: 175
- 14.3.2 Firewall 176
- Chapter 15 178
- 15.2 Enabling the Firewall 180
- 15.3 E-mail 180
- 15.3.2 What are Logs? 181
- Table 15-1 E-mail 182
- 15.3.3 SMTP Error Messages 183
- 15.3.4 Example E-mail Log 183
- 15.4 Attack Alert 184
- 15.4.2 Half-Open Sessions 185
- Figure 15-6 Attack Alert 186
- Table 15-3 Attack Alert 187
- Chapter 16 190
- Creating Custom Rules 190
- 16.2.2 Security Ramifications 191
- 16.3 Connection Direction 192
- 16.4 Rule Summary 193
- Creating Custom Rules 16-5 194
- 16-6 Creating Custom Rules 195
- 16.5 Predefined Services 196
- 16-8 Creating Custom Rules 197
- Creating Custom Rules 16-9 198
- 16-10 Creating Custom Rules 199
- Creating Custom Rules 16-11 200
- Creating Custom Rules 16-13 202
- 16.6 Timeout 203
- Creating Custom Rules 16-15 204
- Table 16-5 Timeout Menu 204
- Chapter 17 206
- Custom Ports 206
- 17-2 Custom Ports 207
- Table 17-1 Custom Ports 207
- 17-4 Custom Ports 209
- Chapter 18 210
- 18-2 Example Firewall Rules 211
- Table 18-1 Log Screen 211
- Chapter 19 212
- Example Firewall Rules 212
- Internet 223
- Chapter 20 226
- Content Filtering 226
- 20-2 Content Filtering 227
- Figure 20-1 Categories Screen 227
- 20.2 Update List 228
- 20.3 Exempting Computers 229
- 20.4 Customizing 230
- 20.5 Keywords 231
- 20.6 Log Records 232
- Part V: 233
- Chapter 21 235
- Troubleshooting 235
- 21-2 Troubleshooting 236
- Troubleshooting 21-3 237
- Appendix A 239
- Appendix B 241
- Call Connection 242
- PPP Data Connection 242
- Appendix C 243
- Hardware Specifications 243
- Appendix D 244
- Important Safety Instructions 244
- Appendix E 245
- Firewall CLI Commands 245
- H CLI Commands 246
- CLI Commands I 247
- J CLI Commands 248
- CLI Commands K 249
- Appendix F 250
- Power Adapter Specifications 250
- Glossary of Terms 252
- Glossary of Terms O 253
- P Glossary of Terms 254
- Glossary of Terms Q 255
- R Glossary of Terms 256
- Glossary of Terms S 257
- T Glossary of Terms 258
- Glossary of Terms U 259
- V Glossary of Terms 260
- Glossary of Terms W 261
- Index AA 265
- BB Index 266
- Index CC 267
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