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Appendix B Wireless LANs
NWD-211AN User’s Guide
128
keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a
weakness of WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to
authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces
the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake)
and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2
authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-
authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all
wireless devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a
successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it
tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication
process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already
connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP
before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system
instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most
widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's
Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows
XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows
XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number
(default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example
with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is
the distribution system.
1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and
grants or denies network access accordingly.
3 A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by
the RADIUS server and the client.
- NWD-211AN 1
- About This User's Guide 3
- Document Conventions 4
- Icons Used in Figures 5
- Safety Warnings 6
- Contents Overview 7
- Chapter 3 10
- Chapter 4 10
- Table of Contents 12
- List of Figures 13
- List of Tables 17
- Introduction and 19
- Configuration 19
- CHAPTER 1 1 21
- 1.2 About Your NWD-211AN 22
- Table 3 NWD-211AN LEDs 23
- 1.3 Application Overview 24
- 1.4.1 ZyXEL Utility Icon 25
- 1.5 Configuration Methods 26
- CHAPTER 2 27
- Setup (WPS) 28
- 2.2.2 PIN Configuration 30
- Chapter 2 Tutorial 39
- Chapter 2 Tutorial 40
- CHAPTER 3 41
- 3.2 Wireless LAN Overview 42
- 3.3 Wireless LAN Security 43
- 3.3.1.2 IEEE 802.1x 44
- 3.4 Wi-Fi Protected Setup 45
- 3.4.2 PIN Configuration 46
- 3.4.3 How WPS Works 48
- Figure 24 How WPS works 49
- REGISTRARENROLLEE 50
- SECURITY INFO 50
- REGISTRAR 50
- ENROLLEE 50
- EXISTING CONNECTION 50
- 3.4.4 Limitations of WPS 51
- CHAPTER 4 53
- 4.1.2 What You Need to Know 54
- 4.1.3 Before You Begin 55
- 4.3 The Link Info Screen 56
- 4.3.1 Trend Chart 57
- 4.4 The Site Survey Screen 58
- 4.4.1 Security Settings 59
- 4.4.1.2 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK 61
- 4.4.1.3 WPA/WPA2 62
- 4.4.1.4 IEEE 802.1x 63
- 4.5 The Profile Screen 65
- Table 14 Profile 66
- Figure 38 Profile 66
- 4.5.1 Adding a New Profile 67
- 4.6 The Adapter Screen 71
- 4.7.1 Using PEAP in Vista 75
- 4.7.2 Using TLS in Vista 76
- CHAPTER 5 79
- 5.1.2 What You Need to Know 80
- 5.2 AP Mode Screen Summary 81
- 5.3 The Link Info Screen 82
- Table 22 Configuration 83
- 5.4.1 Security Settings 85
- 5.4.1.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK 87
- 5.5 The MAC Filter Screen 88
- CHAPTER 6 89
- 6.2 The About Screen 90
- Chapter 6 Maintenance 92
- Troubleshooting 93
- CHAPTER 7 95
- 7.3 Link Quality 96
- Computers 97
- Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 98
- CHAPTER 8 99
- NWD-211AN User’s Guide 100
- SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 102
- WIRELESS FEATURES 102
- PART III 105
- APPENDIX A 107
- Windows XP/NT/2000 108
- Properties 109
- Verifying Settings 111
- Windows Vista 112
- APPENDIX B 117
- Figure 77 Basic Service Set 118
- Figure 79 RTS/CTS 120
- Fragmentation Threshold 121
- Preamble Type 121
- IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN 121
- Wireless Security Overview 122
- IEEE 802.1x 123
- Types of EAP Authentication 124
- PEAP (Protected EAP) 125
- Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 126
- WPA and WPA2 126
- Encryption 127
- User Authentication 128
- Security Parameters Summary 130
- Antenna Overview 131
- Antenna Characteristics 131
- Types of Antennas for WLAN 131
- Positioning Antennas 132
- APPENDIX C 133
- Figure 86 Vista: Connecting 135
- LABEL DESCRIPTION 138
- Setting Up An Ad-Hoc Network 140
- Windows XP 142
- Security Settings 150
- APPENDIX D 157
- Industry Canada Statement 159
- IMPORTANT NOTE 159
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 160
- Registration 161
- Appendix D Legal Information 162
- APPENDIX E 163
- Costa Rica 164
- Czech Republic 164
- Kazakhstan 166
- Malaysia 166
- North America 166
- Singapore 167
- Thailand 168
- United Kingdom 169
- Appendix E Customer Support 170
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