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Vantage RADIUS User’s Guide
IP Subnetting H-3
Subnetting
With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C
address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With subnetting,
some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits. By convention, subnet masks
always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit of the mask,
followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a
“/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows all possible subnet masks for a class “C” address using both notations.
Chart H-4 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK “1” BITS LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100
The first mask shown is the class “C” natural mask. Normally if no mask is specified it is
understood that the natural mask is being used.
Example: Two Subnets
As an example, you have a class “C” address 192.168.1.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
NETWORK NUMBER HOST ID
IP Address 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
- Vantage RADIUS 50 1
- Copyright 2
- Interference Statement 3
- Caution 4
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 5
- Customer Support 6
- Table of Contents 7
- List of Figures 11
- List of Tables 13
- List of Charts 15
- Preface 17
- Graphics Icons Key 18
- Part I: 19
- Chapter 1 21
- 1.2.2 Firmware 22
- 1.3 Application 24
- Chapter 2 27
- 2.3.1 Navigation Panel 30
- Chapter 3 33
- Advanced Settings 33
- 3.4 MAC Address 34
- 3.5 DHCP Setup 34
- 3.6 IP Pool Setup 35
- 3.7 Domain Name 35
- 3.9 DHCP Server Setup 37
- 3-6 Advanced Settings 38
- Table 3-3 DHCP Server: Setup 38
- 3.10 DHCP Client List 39
- 3.11 Administrator’s Account 40
- 3.12 Time Settings 41
- 3-10 Advanced Settings 42
- Table 3-6 Time Settings 42
- Advanced Settings 3-11 43
- Chapter 4 45
- System Logs 45
- 4.2 TFTP Server 46
- 4.3 Syslog server 46
- 4.4 System Log Messages 47
- 4.5 RADIUS Log Messages 48
- • Access-Request 49
- • Access-Reject 49
- • Access-Accept 49
- 4.6 User Trace Records 50
- 4.7 Real Time System Logs 51
- 4.8 System Log Files 53
- 4.9 Real Time RADIUS Logs 54
- 4.10 RADIUS Log Files 55
- 4.11 User Trace 56
- 4.12 User Trace Log Files 57
- 4.13 Log Settings Screen 58
- 4-16 System Logs 60
- System Logs 4-17 61
- Part II: 62
- Chapter 5 63
- RADIUS Configuration 63
- 5.4 Trusted Root CA 66
- 5.5 Server Certificate 67
- 5-6 RADIUS Configuration 68
- Table 5-2 Server Certificate 68
- 5.6 RADIUS Server 69
- 5-8 RADIUS Configuration 70
- Description 72
- IP Address list 72
- RADIUS SERVER screen 72
- 5.7 User Account 73
- 5.7.1 Adding A New Client 74
- 5.8 Importing A Certificate 75
- Part III: 81
- Chapter 6 83
- Maintenance 83
- 6.3 Firmware Upload 85
- 6.4 Configuration 87
- Chapter 7 91
- Management 91
- 7.2 Introduction to HTTPS 92
- 7.3 SSH 93
- 7.3.1 How SSH works 94
- 7.4.2 Example 2: Linux 95
- 7.5 Telnet 96
- 7.6 Remote Access 97
- 7-8 Management 98
- Figure 7-8 Remote Access 98
- Table 7-1 Remote Access 98
- Management 7-9 99
- 7.7 SNMP 102
- 7.7.1 Supported MIBs 103
- 7.7.2 SNMP Traps 103
- 7.8 Configuring SNMP 104
- Vantage RADIUS User’s Guide 105
- Management 7-15 105
- Table 7-4 SNMP Agent 105
- 7.9 User Trace Records 107
- Appendix A 109
- Troubleshooting 109
- Problems with Telnet 111
- Appendix B 113
- Specifications 113
- 123456 78 115
- Appendix D 117
- Properties 119
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 121
- 123
- Macintosh OS 8/9 125
- Macintosh OS X 127
- Appendix E 129
- Appendix F 133
- Client computer 134
- Appendix G 135
- Types of EAP Authentication 135
- PEAP (Protected EAP) 136
- Appendix H 137
- IP Subnetting 137
- Subnet Masks 138
- Subnetting 139
- Example: Two Subnets 139
- H-4 IP Subnetting 140
- Chart H-5 Subnet 1 140
- Chart H-6 Subnet 2 140
- Example: Four Subnets 141
- Example Eight Subnets 142
- IP Subnetting H-7 143
- Chart H-11 Eight Subnets 143
- H-8 IP Subnetting 144
- Appendix I 145
- Command Interpreter 145
- Appendix J 149
- Power Adaptor Specifications 149
- Appendix K 151
- K-2 Index 152
- Index K-3 153
- K-4 Index 154
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