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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide
Introduction to Firewalls 11-3
Figure 11-1 ZyAIR Firewall Application
11.4.1 Basics
Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a
set of application protocols that perform specific functions. An “extension number”, called the "TCP port" or
"UDP port" identifies these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail),
etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80.
When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server model, where the server
"listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information requests from remote client computers on the network.
For example, a Web server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be intended
for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or
managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port.
Some of the most common IP ports are:
- User's Guide 1
- Copyright 2
- (FCC) Interference Statement 3
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 4
- Customer Support 5
- Table of Contents 6
- List of Figures 15
- List of Tables 21
- Preface 24
- Part I: 27
- Chapter 1 29
- ZyAIR LED 31
- Output Power Management 31
- SSL Passthrough 31
- Logging and Tracing 34
- Diagnostics Capabilities 34
- Wireless Association List 34
- Wireless LAN Channel Usage 34
- Chapter 2 37
- 2.3 Resetting the ZyAIR 38
- Chapter 3 41
- Wizard Setup 41
- 3.4.2 PPTP Encapsulation 47
- 3.4.3 PPPoE Encapsulation 49
- 3.5.4 WAN MAC Address 53
- 3.6 Basic Setup Complete 55
- 3-16 Wizard Setup 56
- Figure 3-7 Setup Complete 56
- Part II: 57
- Chapter 4 59
- System Screens 59
- 4.3 Dynamic DNS 60
- 4.4 Configuring Dynamic DNS 61
- 4.5 Configuring Password 62
- 4.6 Configuring Time Setting 63
- Table 4-4 Time Setting 65
- Chapter 5 67
- LAN Screens 67
- 5.3 DHCP Setup 68
- 5.4 Factory LAN Defaults 68
- 5.5 RIP Setup 68
- 5.6 Multicast 69
- LAN Screens 5-5 71
- Table 5-1 IP 71
- 5-6 LAN Screens 72
- Chapter 6 73
- 6.1.3 ESS 74
- 6.2 Wireless LAN Basics 75
- 6.3 Configuring Wireless 77
- Wireless LAN 78
- 6.4 Configuring Roaming 79
- Table 6-2 Roaming 82
- Chapter 7 83
- Wireless Security 83
- 7.2.2 Authentication 84
- 7-4 Wireless Security 86
- 7.4 MAC Filter 87
- 7.5 802.1x Overview 89
- 7.6 Introduction to RADIUS 89
- Ethernet 91
- RADIUS Server 91
- Wireless Station 91
- 7.9 Configuring 802.1x 92
- 7-12 Wireless Security 94
- 7.11 Configuring RADIUS 96
- Table 7-5 RADIUS 97
- Part III: 99
- Chapter 8 101
- WAN Screens 101
- Service Type 102
- 8.2.2 PPPoE Encapsulation 103
- 8-4 WAN Screens 104
- 8.2.3 PPTP Encapsulation 105
- 8-6 WAN Screens 106
- DESCRIPTION 107
- Part IV: 111
- Chapter 9 113
- Address Translation (NAT) 113
- 9.1.2 What NAT Does 114
- 9.1.3 How NAT Works 114
- 9.1.4 NAT Application 115
- 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types 116
- 9.2 SUA Server 118
- Default Server IP Address 118
- 9.3 Configuring SUA Server 120
- 9-12 SUA/NAT 124
- Chapter 10 125
- Static Route 125
- 10-4 Static Route 128
- Part V: 129
- Chapter 11 131
- Introduction to Firewalls 131
- 11.4 Denial of Service 132
- 11.4.1 Basics 133
- 11.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks 134
- 5 REDIRECT 136
- 13 TIMESTAMP_REQUEST 136
- 14 TIMESTAMP_REPLY 136
- 17 ADDRESS_MASK_REQUEST 136
- 18 ADDRESS_MASK_REPLY 136
- 11.5 Stateful Inspection 137
- Chapter 12 139
- Firewall Screens 139
- 12.3 Rule Logic Overview 140
- 12.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules 142
- 12.4.2 WAN to LAN Rules 142
- 12.5 Enabling Firewall 143
- LABEL DESCRIPTION 146
- Restrict Web 146
- Features 146
- Firewall Screens 12-9 147
- Table 12-2 Firewall Filter 147
- Firewall Screens 12-11 149
- 12.5.3 Predefined Services 150
- Firewall Screens 12-13 151
- SERVICE DESCRIPTION 152
- Chapter 13 153
- Remote Management 153
- 13.2 Telnet 154
- 13.3 Configuring TELNET 155
- 13.4 Configuring FTP 156
- 13.5 Configuring WWW 157
- 13.6 Configuring SNMP 158
- 13.6.1 Supported MIBs 160
- 13.6.2 SNMP Traps 160
- LABEL DESCRIPTION 161
- SNMP Configuration 161
- Get Community 161
- 13.7 Configuring DNS 162
- 13.8 Configuring Security 163
- Part VI: 165
- Chapter 14 167
- UPnP Screen 167
- 14.2 UPnP and ZyXEL 168
- 14.3 Configuring UPnP 168
- DESCRIPTION 169
- Chapter 15 177
- Logs Screens 177
- 15-4 Logs Screens 180
- Figure 15-2 Log Settings 180
- Logs Screens 15-5 181
- Table 15-2 Log Settings 181
- 15.3 Configuring Reports 182
- 15.3.1 Viewing Protocol/Port 184
- Part VII: 188
- Chapter 16 190
- Maintenance 190
- 16.3 DHCP Table Screen 192
- 16.4 Wireless Screen 193
- 16.4.1 Channel Usage 194
- 16.5 F/W Upload Screen 197
- 16.6 Configuration Screen 199
- Part VIII: 204
- Chapter 17 206
- Introducing the SMT 206
- 17.2.1 Initial Screen 207
- 17.2.2 Entering Password 207
- 17-4 Introducing the SMT 209
- 17-6 Introducing the SMT 211
- Table 17-2 Main Menu Summary 211
- Introducing the SMT 17-7 212
- General and WAN Setup 214
- Chapter 18 214
- 18.2 WAN Setup 218
- Table 18-3 Menu 2 WAN Setup 219
- Chapter 19 220
- LAN Setup 220
- 19.3 IP Alias 223
- 19.3.1 IP Alias Setup 224
- 19.4 Wireless LAN Setup 225
- FIELD DESCRIPTION EXMAPLE 228
- 19-12 LAN Setup 231
- Chapter 20 232
- Internet Access 232
- 20.2 Internet Access Setup 233
- Part IX: 235
- Chapter 21 237
- Remote Node Configuration 237
- 21.1.3 Remote Node Setup 240
- 21.2 Remote Node Filter 242
- 21.2.1 IP Static Route Setup 243
- FIELD DESCRIPTION 244
- Chapter 22 247
- Dial-in User Setup 247
- 22-2 Dial-in User Setup 248
- Chapter 23 249
- 23.2 NAT Setup 250
- 23.2.1 Address Mapping Sets 251
- 23.4 General NAT Examples 257
- INTERNET 264
- FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE 265
- Real Audio 265
- 23-18 NAT 266
- Part X: 267
- Chapter 24 269
- Filter Rule 270
- Filter Set 270
- 24.3.1 TCP/IP Filter Rule 274
- 24.3.2 Generic Filter Rule 279
- 24.4 Filter Types and NAT 280
- 24.5 Example Filter 281
- 24.6.1 Ethernet Traffic 284
- 24.6.2 Remote Node Filters 284
- 24.7 Firewall Setup 285
- Chapter 25 287
- Chapter 26 289
- System Security 289
- 26.1.3 802.1x 291
- System Security 26-5 293
- Chapter 27 295
- 27.2 System Information 297
- 27.2.2 Console Port Speed 298
- 27.3 Log and Trace 299
- 27.3.2 UNIX Syslog 300
- 27.4 Diagnostic 301
- Chapter 28 303
- 28.2 Backup Configuration 304
- 28.2.1 Backup Configuration 305
- 28.2.4 GUI-based FTP Clients 306
- 28.2.7 TFTP Command Example 307
- Starting XMODEM download 308
- 28.3 Restore Configuration 309
- 28.3.1 Restore Using FTP 310
- 28.4.1 Firmware File Upload 312
- 28.4.5 TFTP File Upload 314
- Choose the Xmodem protocol 316
- Then click Send 316
- Chapter 29 319
- 24.8 to 24.10 319
- 29.2 Call Control Support 320
- 29.2.2 Call History 321
- 29.3 Time and Date Setting 322
- 29.3.1 Resetting the Time 323
- Chapter 30 325
- 30.6 System Timeout 328
- Chapter 31 329
- Call Scheduling 329
- Schedules= 1,2,3,4 332
- Part XI: 333
- Appendix A 335
- Troubleshooting 335
- Problems with Telnet 337
- Appendix B 339
- Protection 339
- Appendix C 341
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 344
- Macintosh OS 8/9 348
- Macintosh OS X 350
- Appendix D 353
- Appendix E 357
- Client computer 358
- Appendix F 359
- Types of EAP Authentication 359
- Appendix G 361
- Recommendation 361
- Positioning Antennas 362
- Connector Type 362
- Appendix H 363
- How PPPoE Works 364
- ZyAIR as a PPPoE Client 364
- Appendix I 365
- PPTP Protocol Overview 366
- Call Connection 366
- PPP Data Connection 367
- Appendix J 369
- IP Subnetting 369
- Subnet Masks 370
- Subnetting 370
- Example: Two Subnets 371
- Example: Four Subnets 373
- Example Eight Subnets 374
- Appendix K 377
- Command Interpreter 377
- Appendix L 379
- NetBIOS Filter Commands 379
- NetBIOS Filter Configuration 380
- Appendix M 381
- Boot Commands 381
- Appendix N 383
- Log Descriptions 383
- Log Commands 386
- Displaying Logs 387
- Log Command Example 387
- Appendix O 389
- Power Adaptor Specifications 389
- Appendix P 391
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