ZyXEL Communications PLA-470 V2 - V3.0.5 Guía de instalación Pagina 193
- Pagina / 349
- Tabla de contenidos
- MARCADORES
Valorado. / 5. Basado en revisión del cliente
We are going to calculate the useful throughput associated with this ideal case
(Du
2
). As in the example above, we consider the use of short preambles for
1,500-byte data transmitted at a speed of 14 Mbit/s.
According to our preceding calculations, the data transmission time corre-
sponds to Tt
1
, i.e.:
Tt s
Data
bytes bit byte
14 Mbit/s
=
×
+≈
1534 8
1455 000167
,
..μ 0s
Since the duration of the ACK frame is 72 μs, its transmission time is equal to:
Tt s s s
ACK
=+ =72 1455 00002175μμ μ..
CIFS and RIFS are fixed value timers. However, this value varies from one tech-
nology to another. For HomePlug 1.0, the value is 35.84 μs for CIFS and 26 µs for
RIFS.
Therefore, the overall transmission time is equal to:
Tt Tt Tt
2
0001949=+ ++ ≈CIFS RIFS s
ACKData
.
In our ideal case, the useful throughput is therefore equal to:
Du
Tt
2
2
1500 8
6157=
×
≈
,
.
bytes bit byte
Mbit/s
We notice that the higher the overhead, the lower the useful throughput. Since a
single station transmits over the medium, this data rate corresponds to the maxi-
mum useful throughput.
Everything gets more complicated when the network consists of more than two
stations that simultaneously attempt transmissions over the medium. When a sta-
tion hears that the medium is busy after trying to get access to the medium or after
waiting for a CIFS, it defers its transmission. For this purpose, it triggers a timer cal-
culated using the back-off algorithm.
The additional waiting time and the random back-off timer obviously increase
the overhead as illustrated by Figure 8.19.
174 Installation
Figure 8.19 Maximal overhead when transmitting data
- Power Line Communications 2
- To Yves, Françoise 6
- Contents 8
- Contents ix 10
- Contents xi 12
- Organization of the Book 14
- Organization of the Book xv 16
- Acknowledgments 18
- Introduction 20
- Standard Organizations 21
- PLC Technologies 3 22
- 4 Introduction 23
- COMPANY STANDARD: 24
- CONSORTIUM STANDARD: 24
- INDUSTRY STANDARD: 24
- GOVERNMENT STANDARD: 24
- 6 Introduction 25
- PLC Technologies 7 26
- Consortiums and Associations 27
- HomePlug Alliance 27
- PUA (PLC Utilities Alliance) 28
- PLC Forum 29
- Future IEEE Standard 29
- 12 Introduction 31
- PLC Theory 32
- Architecture 34
- 16 Architecture 35
- 18 Architecture 37
- Attenuation 39
- Coupling Between Phases 40
- Frequency Response 40
- Interface Sensitivity 40
- Modeling Electrical Networks 41
- Public Networks 43
- Private Networks 43
- Analogy with a Network Hub 44
- The Concept of PLC Repeaters 44
- 26 Architecture 45
- Layered Architecture 46
- 28 Architecture 47
- Layered Architecture 29 48
- Functionality 50
- Network Mode Functionality 33 52
- Peer-to-Peer Mode 53
- Network Mode Functionality 35 54
- Network Mode Functionality 37 56
- 38 Functionality 57
- Listening to the Medium 58
- Access to the Medium 59
- Back-off Algorithm 61
- T Random CW 61
- =×(, )0 time slot 61
- Number of 62
- 44 Functionality 63
- Data Transmission Example 64
- 46 Functionality 65
- ACK Response 66
- NACK Response 67
- FAIL Response 67
- SACK Response in HomePlug AV 68
- 50 Functionality 69
- Managing Frame Priorities 70
- 52 Functionality 71
- Frame Level Functionalities 73
- MAC Encapsulation 74
- Fragmentation Reassembly 75
- Fragmentation 75
- Other Functionalities 76
- 58 Functionality 77
- Service Quality 78
- Using VLAN Labels 79
- Cryptology 81
- 64 Security 83
- RC5 and RC6 84
- Blowfish 84
- Public-Key Cryptography 85
- RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adelman) 86
- Diffie-Hellman 86
- Mixed-Key Cryptography 87
- Electronic Signatures 87
- Use of Public Keys 88
- The Hash Function 88
- 70 Security 89
- Security for PLC Networks 91
- Access to the Physical Medium 92
- 74 Security 93
- Access to Physical Frames 94
- Authentication 94
- Network Keys 94
- 76 Security 95
- MD5 Algorithm (RFC 1321) 96
- Security in HomePlug AV 97
- Security for PLC Networks 79 98
- Denial of Service Attacks 99
- RADIUS and Diameter 100
- IEEE 802.1x in PLC 101
- 84 Security 103
- Virtual Private Networks 104
- CHAPTER 5 106
- Physical Layer Frames 107
- Bit rate 108
- 90 Frames 109
- The OFDM Interface Frame 110
- OFDM Transmission Schemes 111
- The OFDM Interface Frame 93 112
- Functional Blocks 113
- The OFDM Interface Frame 95 114
- The PLC Physical Frame 115
- The OFDM Interface Frame 97 116
- Physical Frame Data Body 117
- Physical Frame End Delimiter 117
- The OFDM Interface Frame 99 118
- MAC Layer Frames 119
- Address Fields 120
- Hexadecimal Format 121
- MAC Layer Frames 103 122
- 104 Frames 123
- PLC in Practice 124
- 106 PLC in Practice 125
- Applications 126
- Telephony over PLC 127
- Actual Rate 128
- Transit Time 129
- Differentiating IP Packets 129
- Hi-Fi Quality Telephony 130
- Streaming 131
- Capacity Problems 132
- Multimedia 133
- PLC Local Networks 134
- Internet Connection Sharing 135
- File and Printer Sharing 135
- PLC Local Networks 117 136
- Audio Broadcasting 137
- Recreational Applications 137
- Video Surveillance 137
- InternetBox and PLC 138
- 120 Applications 139
- New Applications for PLC 140
- PLC in Public Spaces 141
- PLC over Coaxial Cable 141
- PLC in Motor Vehicles 141
- Economic Perspectives 142
- 124 Applications 143
- Equipment 144
- Master-Slave Mode 145
- PLC Technologies 127 146
- Case of Ascom APA Devices 147
- Centralized Mode 148
- PLC Modems 149
- Dissipation in PLC Modems 150
- PLC USB Modems 151
- PLC Ethernet Modems 152
- PLC Cable TV Modems 153
- PLC Modems 135 154
- PLC/Wi-Fi Modems 155
- Multifunction PLC Modems 156
- 138 Equipment 157
- PLC Modems 139 158
- 140 Equipment 159
- Coupling 160
- Choice of Injection Cable 161
- Transformers and Meters 162
- Transformers 163
- Repeaters 164
- Home-Made PLC Repeater 165
- Filters 147 166
- The Cost of PLC 167
- The Cost of PLC 149 168
- 150 Equipment 169
- Installation 170
- 152 Installation 171
- Frequency Bands 153 172
- Low Bit Rate PLC 173
- High Bit Rate PLC 174
- 156 Installation 175
- Frequency Bands 157 176
- 158 Installation 177
- Frequency Bands 159 178
- 160 Installation 179
- Single-Phase Wiring 180
- 222 22222 181
- Three-Phase Wiring 182
- The Circuit Breaker Panel 183
- 166 Installation 185
- Propagation of the PLC Signal 187
- Interference 188
- 170 Installation 189
- Network Data Rates 190
- 172 Installation 191
- Network Data Rates 173 192
- 174 Installation 193
- Network Data Rates 175 194
- 176 Installation 195
- Data Rate Variation 196
- Security 197
- Configuration 198
- 180 Configuration 199
- 182 Configuration 201
- 184 Configuration 203
- Electrical Network 205
- 188 Configuration 207
- 190 Configuration 209
- 192 Configuration 211
- 194 Configuration 213
- (see Figure 9.24): 214
- Lastly, the next command: 214
- 196 Configuration 215
- PC using Ethernet; 218
- 200 Configuration 219
- Configuring an HD-PLC Network 224
- Configuring a DS2 Network 225
- Configuring a DS2 Network 207 226
- 208 Configuration 227
- Configuring a DS2 Network 209 228
- 210 Configuration 229
- Review of Network Parameters 230
- IP Addresses 230
- Structure of an IPv4 Address 231
- Address Classes 231
- Subnet Mask 233
- DNS (Domain Name Service) 233
- 216 Configuration 235
- PLC in the Home 236
- 218 PLC in the Home 237
- Choosing a PLC Technology 238
- Choosing Equipment 238
- 220 PLC in the Home 239
- 222 PLC in the Home 241
- Configuring the PLC Gateway 243
- 226 PLC in the Home 245
- Configuring PLC Security 247
- 230 PLC in the Home 249
- Firewall 250
- VPN and PPPoE 251
- 234 PLC in the Home 253
- 236 PLC in the Home 255
- DNS Addresses 256
- 238 PLC in the Home 257
- DHCP Architecture 258
- 240 PLC in the Home 259
- MAC Address 260
- 242 PLC in the Home 261
- 244 PLC in the Home 263
- PLC for Businesses 266
- Network Architecture 267
- Supervising a PLC Network 268
- Choosing a Standard 269
- QoS in HomePlug AV 271
- 254 PLC for Businesses 273
- Placing Equipment 274
- 256 PLC for Businesses 275
- Security Parameters 276
- Security Topologies 277
- HomePlug AV 278
- VLAN (Virtual LAN) 279
- VoIP Under PLC 281
- Network Implementation 282
- 264 PLC for Businesses 283
- Hotel Story PLC Networks 285
- # ifconfig eth0 287
- 268 PLC for Businesses 287
- Configuring a DHCP/NAT Server 288
- NAT Configuration 289
- MASQUERADE 290
- PLC for Communities 292
- Electrical Network Operators 293
- Topology of MV Networks 295
- Topology of LV Networks 295
- Figure 12.5 Ring topology 296
- Figure 12.6 Mesh topology 296
- 278 PLC for Communities 297
- POP = Point of Presence 299
- University 300
- Issues in Electrical Networks 301
- 284 PLC for Communities 303
- Configuring the Network 304
- 286 PLC for Communities 305
- Small-Scale PLC Networks 306
- Medium-Scale PLC Networks 307
- Large-Scale PLC Networks 308
- 290 PLC for Communities 309
- 292 PLC for Communities 311
- Hybrid PLC 314
- 296 Hybrid PLC 315
- Coexistence of PLC and Wi-Fi 317
- 300 Hybrid PLC 319
- Choosing the IEEE 802.11 Mode 320
- 302 Hybrid PLC 321
- 304 Hybrid PLC 323
- 306 Hybrid PLC 325
- 308 Hybrid PLC 327
- Resources 328
- 310 Resources 329
- Books and Articles 330
- About the Author 332
- 316 Index 335
- Index 317 336
- 318 Index 337
- Index 319 338
- 320 Index 339
- Index 321 340
- 322 Index 341
- Index 323 342
- 324 Index 343
- Index 325 344
- Telecommunications Series 346
© 2020, manymanuals.es. Todos los derechos reservados | 0.048 s |
Manymanuals.com
Manymanuals.de
Manymanuals.fr
Manymanuals.it
Manymanuals.pl
Manymanuals.cz
Manymanuals.es
Manymanuals-pt.com
Comentarios a estos manuales